Recursion

Recursion is a fundamental concept in computer science and mathematics where a function or algorithm solves a problem by repeatedly calling itself with modified arguments. This technique involves breaking down a complex problem into simpler sub-problems of the same type. The process continues until a base case is reached, which stops the recursion and provides a direct solution. Recursive functions are particularly useful for tasks that can be naturally divided into similar sub-tasks, such as sorting data or navigating complex structures like trees and graphs. While recursion can be elegant and concise, it’s crucial to ensure that there is a well-defined base case to prevent infinite loops and potential stack overflow errors.